ADHD Medication

Understanding your options

Two main types of medication can help manage ADHD symptoms: stimulant medications and non-stimulant medications. 

Stimulants are often the first choice for treatment, but every person’s needs are unique. That’s why your treatment plan will always be tailored to you – your daily routine, lifestyle, and what feels most manageable for you. 

Most people (around 70-80%) notice an improvement in their ADHD symptoms with stimulants, but it’s important to remember that everyone responds differently. Some people feel a clear benefit, while others may need a different approach. 

How do stimulant medications work?

Stimulants work only while they’re in your system, so their effects wear off as the day goes on. Your prescriber will aim to recommend a dose that best matches your school, work or daily routine. 

Examples of stimulant medications include: 

  • Lisdexamfetamine (e.g. Elvanse) 
  • Methylphenidate (e.g. Concerta XL, Medikinet XL, Xaggitin XL, Delmosart MR, Equasym XL, Meflynate XL) 

These medicines increase the activity of certain brain chemicals (dopamine and norepinephrine), which support focus, motivation, and self-control. They work slightly differently, so some people may find one easier to tolerate or more effective than the other. 

Both are available in two forms: 

  • Prolonged-release (lasts 8–12 hours) 
  • Immediate-release (lasts 4–6 hours) 

NICE guidelines always recommend trying prolonged-release first, as it’s only taken once a day and provides a smoother effect.  

What about non-stimulant medications?

Non-stimulants, such as Atomoxetine, tend to be effective throughout the whole day. It may take a little longer before you notice the full benefit and, unlike stimulants, they need to be taken every day (not just on school or work days). 

How can medication help?

While there isn’t a ‘cure’ for ADHD, medication can make everyday life feel more manageable. The benefits vary, but many people notice improvements such as: 

  • Being able to focus for longer, with less daydreaming or distraction. 
  • Better organisation, planning and problem-solving. 
  • More motivation to start and finish tasks. 
  • Feeling calmer and less restless. 
  • More control over emotions. 
  • Making decisions with greater care and thought. 
  • Managing workload more effectively at school, university, or work. 

Common side effects - and how to manage them

Your prescriber’s goal is to find a medication dose that provides the right balance: maximum benefit with the fewest possible side effects. Side effects are usually mild and often improve as your body adjusts. 

Tips to manage common side effects: 

  • Reduced appetite: Plan meals in advance. Try to eat before taking medication and again once it wears off. Small, balanced snacks during the day can help keep your energy steady. 
  • Weight management: Keep an eye on your calorie intake to stay within healthy guidelines. 
  • Dry mouth: Sip water regularly. Sugar-free gum or lozenges can also help. 
  • Hydration: Drink enough fluids throughout the day. 

What does ‘unlicensed’ or ‘off label’ mean?

Many ADHD medications were first developed for children, and not all are formally licensed for adults – even though research shows they work well. 

This is why your prescriber may recommend an ‘off-label’ option. This simply means it isn’t officially licensed for adults, but it’s backed by strong clinical evidence and is recommended in NICE guidelines. 

For more detail, see our guide: Unlicensed Treatment for Adults with ADHD.  

Taking and storing your medication safely

  • Always read the leaflet inside the medication pack before starting. 
  • Avoid or limit alcohol—it can increase the risk of side effects such as changes in heart rate or blood pressure. Remember that some foods also contain alcohol. 
  • Never combine prescribed ADHD medication with recreational drugs such as cocaine or amphetamines—this can be dangerous. 
  • Be cautious with cold and flu remedies, especially those containing caffeine or decongestants. 

Let your prescriber know if: 

  • You become pregnant while taking medication 
  • You are prescribed any new medication by your GP during titration 

Safe storage: Keep your medication in a safe place to make sure it stays effective and complies with legal requirements. 

For more detail, read our guide: Safe Storage of Medication.  

Where can I learn more?

Your prescriber will talk you through the options and explain what to expect once titration begins. In the meantime, you may find this website resource helpful:  

Choice and Medication website. 

In the meantime, we recommend you visit the Choice and Medication website for more information or download our guide: ADHD Medication for Adults.